About Jalaluddin Akbar

Akbar the Great was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian history. It was one of the two largest and of course the most controversial personality, along with Aurangzeb. Both are carried out in various ways responsible for the fall of the Mughal Empire.

Akbar came to the throne in 1556 after the sudden death of his father, Humayun. The news of the death of Humayun was kept secret for 17 days. When he came to power he was a boy of just 14. The first objective of Akbar was to bring all of India under one ruler and to carry out this task in a largely associating their favor several races to include in its fold.

The Mu, commander of Adil Shah took Agra and Delhi and Tardi Beg Mughal commander fled. For this he was awarded the death penalty and Bairam Khan became Mughal army commander.

The Second Battle of Panipat
The Mu busy Delhi and Agra. He was proclaimed king under the title of Vikrama Jit. When the news of the fall of Delhi and Agra reached Akbar, he ordered an immediate march to Sirhind. In Sirhind Tardi Beg-united with the rest of his forces. At the moment Mu was putting his troops in order, and when he learned of the arrival of Akbar in Sirhind, marched Delhi, sending artillery in advance to Panipat. Sirhind Akbar moved to Panipat, on November 5, 1556, began the fight on the battlefield of Panipat.

The Mu succeeded in overthrowing the right and the left wing of the Mughal forces and was trying to crush the center for its elephants, but suddenly an arrow pierced through his eyes that made him unconscious. Seeing their leader fall, the army of the Mu fled, and Mughals emerged victorious.

The Second Battle of Panipat turned out to be a far-reaching significance. The Mughals won a decisive victory over the Afghans.

Akbar's Rajput Policy
Akbar was probably the first Muslim ruler of India, which adopted the liberal policy of conciliation towards Rajput and other non-Muslim subjects. Rajput chiefs not only offered submission to the Mughal emperor, but fought for it, along with

Mughal soldiers in expanding the Mughal Empire as well as in subduing Rajput rulers and rebels. Rajput friendship through marriage alliances with them secured, and by granting positions of trust and responsibility Hindus within the civil and military administration. Besides the first step towards friendship with them it was that removed the religious restrictions imposed by the sultans of Delhi by Hindus. Akbar abolished the pilgrim tax imposed on Hindus and also condoned or jizya poll tax for non-Muslims.

The enactment of the Din-i-Illahi
The third or last stage in the evolution of his religious views was reached in 1582 when a new religion was enacted, religion or divine Din_i_llahi. He opened the Ibadat Khana people of different faiths towards the end of 1578. Despite the Ibadat Khana discussions continued, however, Akbar organized private meetings with scholars and men of different religions holly. faith in the Sunni orthodoxy is lost, then he turned to the Shiite scholars, but still did not get mental satisfaction of the Shiite faith, then turned to Sufism, but in vain. Now he tried to see solace in other religions mix freely with Sanyasis Hindu, Christian missionaries, Zoroastrian priests and Hindu philosophers. After lengthy investigations into all religions which concluded that there were sensitive men in all religions. So it was decided to establish a common religion that was acceptable to all religions, by including all the good points taken from all religions, investigated by him. The basic principles of the new religious faith were as follows:
(A) The principle of tolerance.
(B) The granting of freedom of conscience and worship for all.
(C) The elimination of all distinctions between the two communities.

The effects of tolerance towards Hindus pursueded latter endeared him so hard that became followers of loyal and faithful in all state affairs manner. The danger of Rajput and Hindu also was over now. They were later used by him as a valuable weapon against their enemies - the Uzbeks and other rebel officers.

In 1556, when Akbar came to power, he had no territory, but when he died in 1605, left a very long and consolidated powerful empire.

Akbar as administrator
Akbar was not only the founder of the Mughal Empire in India, but it was also a good administrator. He laid the foundation for a superb system administration continued for a period of two centuries. The salient features of his administration were as follows:

Ministers of Central America:
For their help in administering the country, the Mughal emperors had appointed ministers under them. The following ministers were appointed.
(A) Prime Minister (Vakil)
(B) The Minister of Finance (Diwan or Wazir)
provincial government
Akbar had divided his empire into provinces defined wells in which a well established and uniform system of administration was established. In each of that province or climb there was a governor, styled like Sipah Salar, Commander_in_chief, the Diwan, one Bakhshi a Faujdar a Kotwal, the Qazi, Sadar, Amil, the Bitikchi, the Potdar and other officials the Department of Revenue.

Aprt that Akbar Mansabdari established an efficient system in 1570, to regulate the services of Imperial. All imperial state official gazzetted were styled as mansabdars. First they were classified into sixty-six degrees, from mansab ten to ten thousands. That was Akbar who organized the mansabs of his imperial officers in a very systematic way became associated with his name.